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L’aide au développement américaine dans le domaine de la santé en Afrique : Analyse à la lumière de la Déclaration de Paris
Authors
Souha Majidi
June 5, 2020

Face à l’ampleur des retombées économiques et sociales des crises sanitaires, comme la Covid19, l’aide publique au développement peut jouer un rôle essentiel dans l’atténuation de l’impact des épidémies sur les économies les plus fragiles et vulnérables. L'aide publique au développement (APD) vise non seulement à combler le manque de capital nécessaire à amorcer une dynamique forte de développement, mais aussi à amorcer la capacité des Etats à répondre aux risques sanitaires et sécuritaires globaux. En ce sens, il s’avère que le rôle des Etats-Unis est central. Le pays est le premier donateur en termes d’APD en matière de santé dans le monde. La contribution des USA représente 50% de l’ensemble de l’APD fournie pour la santé par les pays donateurs du comité au développement de l’OCDE. Bien que l’Afrique soit le premier continent à bénéficier des initiatives et programmes américains de santé mondiale, de multiples enjeux et limites relativisent l’efficacité de ladite aide, pour manque de résultats mesurables de développement au sein des pays bénéficiaires. La conversion des ressources en réalisations devient difficile, et les efforts se dispersent quand la mission régalienne de l’Etat receveur se réduit. Une cause principale est la marge de manœuvre limitée des Etats receveurs de l’aide, ainsi que le manque de synergie et d’harmonisation entre les aides, privée et publique, au sein du continent. Ce constat invite à repenser la Déclaration de Paris sur l'efficacité de l’aide au développement afin de rendre les aides, publique et privée, complémentaires, efficaces et basées sur des partenariats égaux et transparents entre donateurs et receveurs.

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