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La quête de puissance tous azimuts de la Russie : "Étranger proche", Moyen-Orient et Afrique
Authors
September 30, 2022

Lorsque l’URSS (Union des Républiques socialistes soviétiques) est démantelée ; il s’installe en Occident un sentiment de victoire définitive qui porte au trône du monde la puissance occidentale, démocratique et libérale. La mondialisation, qui avait timidement pointé du nez durant les années 80, commence à s’ériger en occidentalisation du monde.

L’Occident n’avait pourtant pas su gérer sa victoire. Au lieu d’intégrer le continuateur de l’URSS, il le marginalise et l’humilie ; une erreur doublée par le statut de puissance nucléaire et politique qu’il accorde à la Russie en lui permettant d’occuper le siège de l’URSS à l’ONU et en transférant une partie de l’arsenal nucléaire hérité par Kiev à Moscou.

Boris Eltsine avait incarné cette Russie humiliée, marginalisée et reléguée au rang de petite puissance régionale. Son successeur, Vladimir Poutine, nostalgique de la grandeur des empires tsarien et soviétique, entreprend avec grande conviction de chercher dans la gloire du passé, les ressorts d’une résurrection de la puissance de Moscou. Méthodiquement, une stratégie séquentielle va lui permettre d’aller successivement de la construction d’une nouvelle doctrine russe à la réclamation d’un rôle dans la régulation du monde, en passant par le renforcement de l’État, le renforcement de l’armée et des interventions militaires tous azimuts.

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