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L’insurrection de Cabo Delgado au Mozambique: un conflit interne à dimension transfrontalière
July 26, 2021

La région nord-est du Mozambique, Cabo Delgado, est, depuis 2017, le théâtre d’une insurrection meurtrière, menée par un groupe, connu sous le nom de Ahlu Sunna Wal Jamaa et que la population locale dénomme « Al Shabab ». Considérée comme la plus pauvre du pays, cette région abrite une population à majorité musulmane et qui reste marginalisée dans les politiques publiques de développement du Gouvernement, malgré l’exploitation intensive des importantes ressources naturelles de son sous-sol. La découverte, à partir de 2010, de la neuvième plus grande réserve gazière du monde à Cabo Delgado a suscité des investissements importants de compagnies internationales, mais marque le début d’un embrasement social créant une crise sécuritaire, humanitaire et politique dépassant les frontières du pays. Construite sur un enchevêtrement de tensions socio-économiques exacerbées par les inégalités et les violations des droits de l’homme par les forces de l’ordre mozambicaines, l’insurrection s’est développée sur un territoire marqué par la criminalité organisée transfrontalière. Face à l’intensification de l’offensive insurrectionnelle et la radicalisation religieuse des insurgés, la SADC (Communauté de développement d’Afrique australe) s’est illustrée par une posture de retrait, alors que des partenaires internationaux proposent leur aide à un Gouvernement qui a fini par reconnaitre la gravite de la situation.

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