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Genèse et évolution des groupes extrémistes armés au Sahel dans un contexte de crise multidimensionnelle
Authors
Rida Lyammouri
Fadoua Ammari
March 13, 2025
Related topics: 
Security & Defense
Terrorism
Organized crime
Sahel

L’extrémisme violent au Sahel trouve ses racines dans une combinaison de facteurs historique, politique et socio-économique, tels que l’instabilité étatique, la marginalisation de certaines communautés et l’influence d’idéologies transnationales. Ce Papier retrace l’émergence et l’expansion de groupes comme Al-Qaïda au Maghreb Islamique (AQMI) et l’État islamique au Grand Sahara (EIGS), ainsi que leur fragmentation, illustrée par la création de nouveaux groupes, comme le Mouvement pour l'Unification et le Jihad en Afrique de l'Ouest (MUJAO), et plus récemment Jam’at Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimeen (JNIM). Il explore également l’impact des coups d’État récents, la montée de nouvelles alliances régionales et la reconfiguration des partenariats internationaux, révélant la complexité croissante de la crise sécuritaire au Sahel. Il propose une approche multidimensionnelle, qui combine réformes institutionnelles, programmes de développement, inclusion des communautés locales et coopération internationale adaptée, dans la perspective de répondre aux causes profondes de l’extrémisme et garantir une paix et une stabilité durable dans la région.

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