Publications /
Policy Paper

Back
Desarrollar el nuevo Sur tras el Consenso de Washington
December 20, 2024

Este artículo se publicó originalmente en legrandcontinent.eu

En una era de interconexión mundial sin precedentes, los países en desarrollo se enfrentan a un panorama económico cada vez más complejo y a menudo hostil. Este panorama está configurado por tres grupos principales de limitaciones políticas. En primer lugar, el aumento entre las grandes potencias de las tendencias proteccionistas ha hecho más difícil el entorno mundial, sobre todo porque las economías avanzadas recurren cada vez más a las políticas industriales para alcanzar objetivos económicos específicos, y la intensificación de las rivalidades geopolíticas conduce a la reestructuración de las cadenas de valor mundiales y a la reagrupación de los países en bloques económicos. En segundo lugar, en un momento en el que la demanda de servicios públicos alcanza cotas sin precedentes, el margen de maniobra de la política macroeconómica de los países en desarrollo se ha reducido considerablemente. Una serie de crisis —desde la crisis financiera mundial hasta el COVID-19, pasando por las crisis de los precios de los productos básicos— han agotado los recursos presupuestarios de los gobiernos. En tercer lugar, los rápidos avances tecnológicos son perturbadores y hacen que las reformas tradicionales de las políticas de crecimiento y transformación estructural queden obsoletas, lo que obliga a experimentar en ámbitos nuevos y desconocidos.

Estos tres grupos de limitaciones políticas han creado una tormenta perfecta de retos para los países en desarrollo. Este texto examina el impacto polifacético de los cambios globales en las opciones de política económica de que disponen los países en desarrollo. En la actualidad, estos países se enfrentan al reto de operar sin un marco claro y coherente para sus políticas y estrategias de desarrollo. Esto ha dado lugar a un cambio de paradigma caracterizado por un panorama en el que «cada país va por su cuenta», lo que se traduce en la ausencia de objetivos o instrumentos políticos claros para navegar por esta nueva realidad. Este enfoque es insostenible y plantea riesgos significativos para la estabilidad económica mundial y el desarrollo integrador. Este documento propone una alternativa: un marco de política económica sólido, matizado y adaptado que aborde los retos específicos de los países en desarrollo y, al mismo tiempo, aproveche sus puntos fuertes y su potencial inherentes.

RELATED CONTENT

  • December 20, 2024
    Ce papier a été initialement publié sur legrandcontinent.eu   Alors que le monde n’a jamais été si interconnecté, les pays en développement sont confrontés à un paysage économique de plus en plus complexe et souvent hostile, façonné par trois grands groupes de contraintes politiques distinctes. Premièrement, la montée des tendances protectionnistes parmi les grandes puissances a rendu l’environnement mondial plus difficile, en particulier parce que les économies avancées se tourne ...
  • December 19, 2024
    This paper assesses the outcomes of COP29 in Baku, focusing on its achievements and shortcomings in advancing global climate governance. Key milestones included the adoption of the new collective quantified goal (NCQG), the tripling of climate finance commitments to $300 billion annually by 2035, and progress on Article 6 carbon markets to mobilize international cooperation and finance. However, finance remains insufficient to meet the needs of developing countries, and unresolved i ...
  • Authors
    Asya Pelkes
    December 19, 2024
    The European Union’s (EU) Global Gateway initiative, established to enhance global connectivity and sustainable infrastructure, offers a significant opportunity to align with Africa’s development goals under the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA). However, the challenge lies in whether the Global Gateway can effectively complement AfCFTA’s objectives of boosting intra-African trade and industrialization by addressing critical infrastructure gaps. This paper examines how th ...
  • Authors
    Nizar Messari
    December 18, 2024
    The G20 Summit held in November 2024 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, under the Brazilian G20 presidency, showed what decentering from the Western agenda and Western domination of world politics could mean. The summit’s main achievement was the constitution of an Alliance against Hunger and Poverty, with a membership of, and funds mobilized from, not only all G20 members, but also from more than 60 other countries. In fact, what the West showed was discomfort at not having its agenda, its ...
  • Authors
    Foreword by Karim El Aynaoui (PCNS), Paolo Magri (ISPI), Samir Saran (ORF)
    December 14, 2024
    2024 marked the largest election year in history, with millions of people across the world going to the polls to elect their representatives and leaders. However, in the Global North, Donald Trump’s decisive election victory in the United States threatens to undermine multilateral governance structures that are already under strain. In the Global South, emerging economies from the expanded BRICS group and beyond strive to speak with a single voice, and their actions continue to be s ...
  • Authors
    Zakaria Elouaourti
    December 8, 2024
    This paper was originally published on accscience.com The Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic has significantly affected the global workforce, with certain occupational groups facing greater challenges than others. Atypical part-time, temporary, and gig job workers are among the most vulnerable. This paper first examines the impact of the COVID-19 health crisis on atypical/ contingent workers by firm size, industry, and region. Second, we explore the factors determining the ...
  • Authors
    Boglarka Bozsogi
    December 6, 2024
    Communities around the Lake Chad Basin (LCB) rely on three major economic activities: farming, fishing, and livestock herding. The floods that began in August 2024 damaged and destroyed hundreds of thousands of hectares of farmland, killed thousands of livestock, and rendered fishing unsafe for fishermen. This climate shock caused families dependent on these activities to lose their primary sources of income. Worse still, these economic activities also serve as the main source of da ...
  • December 2, 2024
    This blog was originaly published on orfonline.org.   The maritime industry is the lifeblood of global trade, with ships carrying over 90 percent of all merchandise trade, and the global logistics market accounting for 8-12 percent of global gross domestic product (GDP). The smooth functioning of maritime trade and supply chain logistics is integral to economic development and critical to food security and the distribution of essential supplies. In fact, the COVID-19 pandemic has ...
  • Authors
    Soukaina Raoui
    December 2, 2024
    This paper was originaly published on muse.jhu.edu   This study analyzes the influence of local labor market characteristics on student dropout pathways in Morocco. Beyond individual determinants, early school leaving may depend on dropouts’ local environment. This study mobilized original empirical material that combines individual and spatial data from Morocco’s 75 provinces. First, we conducted a cartographic analysis of 10- to 14-year-old children who left the education system ...