Commodities and Downstream Integration Policies: the Challenges of a Complex Strategy

There is not much of an argument: some countries in mighty Africa faced and mastered the COVID-19 invasion as efficiently, or even better, than any nation on the globe, including former colonial powers in Europe. By June 2021, 140,400 Africans had died, compared to more than 500,000 virus victims in Brazil, or 600,000 plus in the U.S. Some experts explain the result as a product of long experience from a multitude of previous health crises: Ebola, AIDS/HIV, malaria, tuberculosis. Ot ...

Il est bien connu que le poids de l’Afrique sur la scène énergétique mondiale est faible, ce qui est le reflet de son poids économique. En 2020, en termes de consommation, la part de l’Afrique dans le total mondial ne dépassait pas 3% à 4%. De plus, cette part n’a que très peu augmenté au cours des dix dernières années. L’an dernier, l’Afrique ne représentait que 3,3% de la consommation mondiale d’énergie primaire (pétrole, gaz naturel, charbon, énergie nucléaire, hydroélectricité ...

The Taliban movement took control of Afghanistan’s capital, Kabul, without confrontation or resistance, as soon as the president, Ashraf Ghani, fled the country. Afghan forces were not able to face the Taliban, despite of the fact that Taliban was technically outnumbered and outgunned by Afghan government forces. The New American administration first priority is to make US military mission in Afghanistan conclude by August 31st. Biden believes that the mission US army in Afghanistan ...

The Nile is a monster, at 6,650 kilometers the longest river on the planet. Control of its waters has kept rulers in power for thousands of years. The Blue and White Niles merge in Khartoum then flow northwards, travelling through Sudan to Egypt, the glorious land of Pharaohs. Conflict or cooperation The Blue Nile nations, Ethiopia, Sudan and Egypt, are facing the question of conflict or cooperation, as Sara Hasnaa Mokkadem wrote in her study for the Annual Report on Africa’s Geop ...

The transformative potential of regional market integration for a large trading bloc is well exemplified by the European Union which started integration on a modest scale. The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) also started on a modest scale and has delivered benefits in terms of promoting growth through greater regional market integration, both within ASEAN and in Asia more generally. ASEAN however runs on different principles to the EU (though there are some similariti ...

La victoire éclair des Talibans en Afghanistan remet sur le devant de la scène un projet énergétique dont il est question depuis plus de 20 ans. Il s’agit d’un gazoduc qui relierait le Turkménistan au Pakistan et à l’Inde, en passant par l’Afghanistan. Le nom de ce projet est TAPI pour Turkménistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan et Inde. La logique derrière ce projet est très simple. Le Turkménistan a beaucoup de gaz naturel, puisque ce pays occupe le quatrième rang parmi les détenteurs de ...