Regional integration

The report will soon be available for purchase.   The 2024 Annual Report on the African Economy is dedicated to monetary and financial issues on the Continent. There are three reasons for this choice. African economies are exposed to macro-financial instabilities partly generated by global monetary and financial turbulence. The Continent’s currencies and financial systems are engaged in very different dynamics, where routine methods and daring, if not risky, practices coexist. ...

This Paper was originally published on agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com   Water plays a central role in several socioeconomic and environmental nexuses. Faced with various anthropogenic pressures that act as water scarcity drivers and knowing that the unavailability of water can be a limiting factor for economic development, there is an urgent need for the design and evaluation of economic instruments that help in the management of water resources. This article presents a proposal ...

Cette édition du Rapport économique de l’Afrique est construite autour d’une thématique d’une grande actualité : les conséquences des incertitudes et des risques aussi bien sanitaires que climatiques et sécuritaires sur les économies du continent. L’exercice est d’autant plus légitime que la recomposition de l’ordre mondial questionne la place du continent à l’échelle planétaire, sur les plans économique, social et environnemental. L’économie mondiale est confrontée à des défis glo ...

Les corridors sont essentiellement de grands axes de transport facilitant la circulation des personnes et des biens entre des régions et entre des pays limitrophes. L’organisation de ces voies est complexe, parce qu’elles sont généralement multimodales et impliquent de multiples passages de frontières. L’Afrique s’est lancée depuis quelques années dans le développement et la mise en réseaux des infrastructures des corridors de toutes ses régions. La Communauté de l’Afrique de l’Est ...

This Book was originally published on springer.com   This book examines regional structural challenges on Colombia’s path to sustainable social cohesion and regionally inclusive growth. These challenges can be divided into three main groups: (i) those that focus on competitiveness and the supply side, (ii) those that arise from critical business cycle issues on the demand side, and (iii) those concerning environmental sustainability, employment and social inclusion.  The contribu ...

African countries were severely hit by the COVID-19 pandemic, which quickly drove the continent into its worst recession in fifty years. According to the 2022 African Development Bank African Economic Outlook (AEO), real GDP declined by -1.5% in 2020 compared to growth of 3.3% in 2019. Africa has recovered quickly from the recession, but this has not translated into favorable debt prospects for many countries. To make a challenging situation even worse, the Russia/Ukraine crisis has ...

Nothing better illustrates the positive contribution of the integration of national economies into global value chains than the fact that in the 1990s, the automotive sector barely existed in Morocco. Now, it is the leading export sector, with a production and assembly capacity of 700,000 vehicles, making it an attractive and competitive hub linking Africa and Europe in the automotive value chain. However, the automotive industry is on the cusp of change, with advances in electric a ...

The contemporary global energy landscape is experiencing noteworthy changes in demand, supply, technology, markets, and investment. These developments transcend conventional oil and gas security considerations. Renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar power, have become increasingly cost-effective compared to fossil fuels, and the minerals required to produce them are gaining importance. Nevertheless, recent events such as the Covid-19 pandemic and the conflict in Ukraine ha ...

This policy paper examines India’s growing engagement in North Africa, focusing on five countries: Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, and Egypt. Despite lacking a distinct regional policy for North Africa, India has amplified its bilateral engagement with these countries, underpinned by a steadfast commitment to the principle of South-South cooperation. Through its strategic moves in North Africa, India has established a powerful southern-west axis for its foreign policy that stretch ...

In an attempt to bring the World Cup back to Europe and Africa, Morocco has joined Spain and Portugal in a three-way bid to host the 2030 FIFA World Cup. While there are still talks of Ukraine remaining in the bid, the three confirmed countries are hoping to score big with major economic, cultural, and political benefits. Although not as large as the Olympics in terms of logistics, the FIFA World Cup is one of the most prestigious and watched sporting events in the world. Early figu ...

The North Sea has been an important energy hub for many European countries for centuries. It is home to many natural resources, from oil and natural gas, to wind and wave energy, making it a powerhouse of energy production. In recent decades, the North Sea has seen significant investment in energy infrastructure and innovation, allowing many of these resources to be harnessed and used to supply energy to much of Europe. Furthermore, the North Sea has become more important for Europe ...

Le rôle des Investissements directs étrangers (IDE), comme catalyseur de croissance économique et facteur fondamental d’intégration dans l’économie mondiale, fait l’objet d’un grand consensus. Ce Policy Brief se focalise sur une dimension des IDE qui est le réinvestissement des bénéfices comme, non seulement une source de financement supplémentaire à travers l’expansion des IDE existants, mais également un fort signal des opportunités d’investissement pour les nouveaux i ...

There is a long tradition in transportation planning research in quantifying remoteness in the context of accessibility indicators. Considering an existing system’s network structure and its components’ performance, it is possible to assess the socio-economic impacts of changes in the physical characteristics of specific links that affect critical locations. Nonetheless, the connection between changes in accessibility and their socio-economic consequences frequently relies on using ...

If the recent peaceful transfer of power in Madagascar heralds a new trend, then the Malagasy people can dream big. For decades, the exercise of economic-cum-political power in the hands of a tiny elite has held the entire nation hostage. Today, the high poverty rate—around 80% (2021) stands in stark contrast to the natural resource abundance of this huge enormous island. There is hope, however, that with political stability, the Plan d’Émergence Madagascar (PEM) President Andry R ...

In the chaotic global post-COVID-19 economy, with the ongoing war in Ukraine, the challenge of adjusting to the global stagflation that is engulfing the world is particularly hard for the oil importing countries of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. A regional commission of experts, working under the auspices of the Economic Research Forum (ERF), and the Finance for Development Lab (FDL), was asked to evaluate the macro-economic risks ahead, and to make recommendations ...

This Policy Brief addresses the question of Europe's interest in the Nigeria-Morocco Gas Pipeline project. The paper advances six arguments to support this interest and its relevance. 1) The project effectively diversifies European gas resources and provide greater scope for action. 2) Building the pipeline helps create a new generation of measures to curb the asymmetric risks Europe faces. 3) The project mitigates the risk of replacing European dependence on Russian gas with anothe ...

Le présent Policy Brief tente d’apporter une réponse à la question de l’intérêt de l’Europe dans la réalisation du projet de Gazoduc Nigeria-Maroc. Six arguments sont avancés pour fonder l’existence et la pertinence d’un tel intérêt. 1) Le projet participerait efficacement à la diversification des ressources gazières des pays européens et leur donnerait plus de marge de manoeuvre. 2) La mise en place du gazoduc participerait à l’édification d’une nouvelle génération de mesures qui a ...

La succession des chocs pandémique, climatique et géopolitique a éprouvé les économies africaines. Les liens commerciaux et financiers avec le monde ne sont plus seulement considérés comme des moteurs de performance, mais aussi comme des sources potentielles de vulnérabilité. La défiance à l’égard de la mondialisation s’est accrue. Parce qu’elle est venue souligner la dépendance du continent, le dérèglement de ses rapports à la nature et sa vulnérabilité face aux tensions géopolitiq ...

Le Maroc a entamé la libéralisation de son commerce extérieur dès le début des années 80 du XXième siècle. Les négociations commerciales des Accords de libre-échange et les engagements contractés auprès de l’Organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC) ont constitué des moments forts dans le processus d’introduction de réformes plus substantielles au régime du commerce extérieur (engagements sur des horizons de démantèlement, établissement des listes, réforme des barr ...

Rwanda is famous for its remarkable socio-economic performance after the ravages of the Genocide against the Tutsis and moderate Hutus in 1994. Under the leadership of President Paul Kagame, Rwanda has followed a state-led development model with stunning results. Despite these substantial accomplishments, Rwanda is still a low-income country with extensive poverty. Its agriculture is still of low productivity and highly vulnerable to climate change. Structural transformation has we ...

Sleepless nights and the tireless search for compromise allowed WTO members to agree on concrete deliverables during the WTO 12th Ministerial Conference held last June. Those results reinforce Multilateralism. And this is a significant gain given the multiplicity of global crises that surround us. The Outcome include 6 Agreements, Declarations and Ministerial Decisions that respond to some of today's challenges, notably on Fisheries and Ocean Sustainability as well as responses to P ...

La question de la mise en œuvre du projet de monnaie unique de la CEDEAO a encore été au centre des discussions entre les chefs d’État de la CEDEAO lors de leur 57ème session ordinaire, tenue à Niamey le 7 septembre 2020, et lors de laquelle ils ont décidé pour diverses raisons un nouveau report à une date ultérieure, après ceux de 2003, 2005, 2009 et 2015. Les chefs d’État ont aussi évoqué l’élaboration d’une « nouvelle feuille de route », sans toutefois déterminer u ...

IMF Managing Director Kristalina Georgieva’s message to the Davos meeting last week referred to the upside risks of “geoeconomic fragmentation”  due to the war in Ukraine. Considering the ongoing rivalry between the United States and China and the alliance between the latter and Russia, the narratives about a West-East division in the global economy have become louder with an end and reversal of globalization. After the 2008 global financial crisis, the belief that globalization an ...

Ce thème, abordé au Centre HEC de Géopolitique à Jouy-en-Josas, lors de la 12e édition des Dialogues stratégiques avec le Policy Center for the New South, une rencontre semestrielle, a permis de revenir dans le détail sur cette zone qui relie la Méditerranée à l’océan Indien, à la jointure de trois continents : l’Asie, l’Afrique et l’Europe. Cette route maritime qui s’étend sur plus de 2 200 km, pour une largeur qui varie de 300 km à moins de 30 km entre Djibouti et le Yémen, représ ...

Global value chains (GVCs) are intended to fragment global production among several countries and companies. In this context, national economies have begun processes of insertion and specialization with both social and green objectives, because multinationals (MNEs) create significant negative externalities. Morocco has chosen to develop an integrated economy in global businesses. This country relies on a long-term political vision and some modern infrastructures. The government pro ...

Suivant une analyse réaliste des relations internationales, des ‘facteurs objectifs’ ont été longtemps mis en avant pour expliquer le blocage de l’intégration régionale au Maghreb (e.g. le conflit du Sahara). Par une approche constructiviste, cet article a pour vocation d’analyser un facteur subjectif susceptible de freiner ou favoriser l’intégration maghrébine, en l’occurrence les identités nationales. Il se focalisera sur « les discours primordialistes ». Autrement dit, les discou ...

Although there is no single way to understand regional integration, it is considered beneficial in all its forms. It is commonly accepted that countries that are better integrated into their regional space are more likely to benefit from their anchorage. Regional integration can take many forms and be applied in different ways. In Africa, regional economic integration, which takes place mainly through trade relations, is the most widespread model. This model of integration is often ...

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a huge impact on the global economy and has challenged the best minds to rethink how to design and implement an effective recovery. Countries in the wider Atlantic region have exhibited differential trajectories in traversing the pandemic. A number of countries in Europe succeeded in vaccinating most of their eligible populations, enabling life to return somewhat to normal. A smaller group of countries in Europe could manage infection rates even more ti ...

Le Sommet Union européenne (UE) - Union africaine (UA), qui s’est tenu à Bruxelles les 17 et 18 février 2022, entend marquer un tournant dans les relations entre les deux continents. L’agenda européen pour l’année 2022 met au centre de ses priorités les relations Europe - Afrique. Celles-ci sont aussi l'un des principaux axes défendus par la Présidence française du Conseil de l’Union européenne (PFUE) et le Président français Emmanuel Macron dans de son discours inaugur ...

A Case for Regulators to Green Financial Inclusion Financial Inclusion is an Excellent Tool for Combating Poverty It is well known that supporting financial inclusion is a relevant tool in lifting people out of poverty. There is plenty of empirical evidence showing that financial inclusion significantly reduces poverty and income inequality in developing countries. Concerted efforts to support financial inclusion globally have existed since the United Nations Capital Development ...

A slowdown in China and winding down of U.S. stimulus threaten a much-needed regional rebound. First appeared at Americas Quarterly The last year has seen some good news for Latin American economies. The region’s recovery has been stronger than expected, and growth forecasts by the World Bank and IMF have improved since six months ago. Vaccination campaigns and fiscal support have sparked an economic rebound since the second half of last year, despite an apparent loss of momentum ...

Changes in global value chains and reshoring trends brought about by the Covid-19 pandemic represent an opportunity for sustainable and inclusive economic development of the Mediterranean region. While the region has increased its participation in trade and global value chains, it remains below its potential due to limited connectivity and the lack of adequate investment in infrastructures. To boost competitiveness and attract near-shoring investments, an upgrade of the Mediterranea ...

The major announcement of December 21, 2019, of the shift from the CFA franc to the Eco led to major changes in the monetary landscape and institutional setting of the West African states. This paper analyzes the benefits and challenges for economic and monetary cooperation in West Africa of this new development. While this new initiative has many advantages, establishing a new currency at the West African region, as a whole faces unresolved issues that may compromise its success. T ...