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Middle Income Countries and Multilateral Development Banks Traps on the Way to Graduation
Authors
Matheus Cavallari
Tiago Ribeiro dos Santos
July 19, 2019

Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) have two financing windows, with different terms, dedicated to low- and middle-income countries. Countries are presumed to cross those windows as their income per capita rises, with middle-income countries (MICs) eventually “graduating” to a non-client status once they reach some criteria. However, due to what may be called “middle-income traps”, such progression toward graduation has been limited to a small number of countries.

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