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Le Cyberespace africain : un champ aux contradictions manifestes
Authors
Mourad El Manir
November 25, 2019

Le prix du meilleur roman africain de science-fiction au titre de l’année 2017 a été remporté par Tade Thompson pour son livre intitulé “Rosewater” qui aborde la lutte contre les cyber-fraudes au Nigéria en 2066. Cette référence à un roman de science-fiction n’est pas fortuite dans la mesure où le mot “cyberespace”, inspiré du mot “cybernétique”, fut utilisé, pour la première fois, en 1984, par l’auteur de romans de science-fiction William Gibson, pour désigner “Une hallucination consensuelle vécue quotidiennement en toute légalité, dans tous les pays, par des gosses auxquelles on enseigne les concepts mathématiques.”

Le rapprochement entre ces deux romans vise à montrer que l’Afrique a intégré dans son présent et surtout dans son avenir l’évolution fulgurante des technologies d’information et de communication, qui a généré une véritable transformation de la société et de l’économie mondiale.

Au-delà des aspects techniques du cyber-espace, la cyber-attaque contre l’Estonie en 2007, a élevé le cyberespace au rang de théâtre d’opération militaire au même titre que les milieux aéroterrestre et maritime et la conflictualité dans ce milieu n’est plus perçue comme un affrontement de technologies, mais comme “l’utilisation des moyens numériques à des fins de contrôle de la volonté de l’adversaire”, rejoignant, en cela, la célèbre formule du théoricien allemand Carl Von Clausewitz “la guerre n’est que le prolongement de la politique par d’autres moyens”.
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